Capital Punishment Essay example - 710 Words

Capital Punishment Lets keep society safe and give murderers what they deserve - the death penalty. In this essay I will hope to set out both sides of the argument, for and against Capital Punishment. The advantages and the disadvantages will be considered in conjunction with Christian teachings and belief. The Christian teachings, Old Testament and New Testament will also be compared with human reactions to the subject. From my research and analysis in this essay I will be able to come to a conclusion as to whether or not I feel the death penalty is ever justified Murder is a crime whether you look at the Bible - Thou shalt not kill The Sixth Commandment - or at a book of English†¦show more content†¦The disadvantages of Capital Punishment are shown most prominently in Jesus and what he stood for, i.e. forgiveness and sanctity of life, also in the Sermon on the Mount and many other parts of the New Testament. This does give the argument against capital punishment a head start but there are also other factors to consider. By letting a murderer be put to death you will be legalising murder for the executioner. Who is then to say who can and cannot kill? If a government decides this, there is sure to be religious opposition, and if for example the Pope decides who can kill another then he would be going against his own religion. When death is made legal in any way, even in cases of war, it is encouraging violence. War should and is frequently only a last resort Just War. The death penalty for murder would not be a last resort as there are alternatives and as again who is to decide which murder and in what circumstances it would warrant another death. In any case and in any trial mistakes could be made. There will always be the risk that an innocent person will be put to death because of anothers mistake. According to Christian beliefs no one should be killed especially because God, the creator, is the only one who can give and take life, this is called theShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

All Men and Women have the Right to the American Dream

The American Dream has been the guiding belief of our western society since the United States Declaration of Independence; all men are created equal, having the same rights and opportunities to prosper. Furthermore, American prosperity is usually shown by the ownership of a home. With ownership of a home, an individual becomes put of a community and contribute to the betterment of his or her community. The members within the community have a sense of belonging with interdependence on one another while working together to be a productive society. For example, providing jobs, education, medical services, and the necessities needed to maintain the community. The survival of a community is maintaining a delicate balance that primarily hinges on economic factors. Economic factors such as disappearing jobs, high costs of living, and high unemployment cause hardship within the community. Over an extended period of time, the economic factors will ultimately destroy the foundation of th e community, the homeowners. The Homeowners will be forced to give up their American Dream and be forced to leave their homes. Homelessness doesn’t differentiate but effects individuals from all walk of life such as; families with children, military veterans, victims of domestic violence, the working poor, and the mentally ill, just to name a few. Homelessness is influenced by not only by economic factors; it includes social, medical, and political factors as well, however, everyShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. Is A Famous Figure In African American1416 Words   |  6 Pagesis a famous figure in African American and American history. He is one of the most celebrated African Americans who lead the Black Civil Rights Movement to fight for the equality and freedom for African Americans. The speech I Have a Dream is King’s most famous speech, which helped African Americans fight for their rights of equality. The I Have a Dream speech purpose was to seek equalit y among blacks and whites, while feminism discusses equality among men and women. The rhetorician perspectiveRead MoreWomen And The American Dream1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is the belief that every person in the United States has an equal opportunity to become successful. However, some people are not entitled to the American Dream. Many Americans are not treated equally under the law. Some of the groups lose their right to vote, have a more difficult time finding jobs, or are a group that has been forgotten by politicians. The American Dream is a controversial issue today because many groups in America have claimed that they have not received theRead MoreAmerican Women - A Battle Across All Fronts1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream - accomplishing greatness with only the clothes on one’s back (also known as the ideal success story) - has been greatly influenced by the role women have played in American History. Women were key in the education of future generations in America and were responsible for instilling true Republican values in them; this process would later be known as Republican Motherhood. Throughout American History, men found women worthy of only one main task: child rearing. This view of womenRead MoreWomen’s Income Inequality and The American Dream Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pageswhat America was all about, the American dream. The American dream that everyone is equal and has equal opportunities. Although a big part of what goes on in the Untied States that just doesn’t fit the American dream; women are unequal in the work place. They are put under what is known as the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Women do not get promoted in the work place and aren’t getting equal pay as men. This also leads to wag gap between the men and women. Both create income inequality for women and affect theirRead MoreThe American Dream Is A Goal, Hope, And / Or Plan For The Future1461 Words   |  6 PagesT he American Dream is a goal that is specific to and can only be achieved in America. A dream is defined as a goal, hope, and/or plan for the future. In this case, this dream is only available for people living in the United States of America. In America, there are more jobs, a good education system, and the country is safer than most. Also, America says to have equal rights for women which is not always the case in other countries. All of these things attract people who do not have access to themRead MoreAmerican Dreams And The American Dream1728 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans have been dreaming since the Mayflower arrived in the New World and the American Dream itself has withstood threats up until this very day to all of its internal characteristics: international peace, health, leadership, wealth, supremacy, and equality. H.W. Brands states in his book American Dreams that â€Å"Americans had dreamed since our national birth, and in the twenty-first century we are dreaming sti ll†. Both Brands’ story and Nathaniel Philbrick’s account in Mayflower assist significantlyRead MorePrejudice Essay : Prejudice And Racism862 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes aren’t the only thing. Not everyone gets to live the American Dream because of their race beliefs. People struggle feeding their families at the end of the day because they couldn’t get a better job because of their skin tone. Others can’t go to certain places without getting judged because they have hijabs on. People can be very prejudice against women, too. Women can’t live the American Dream to the fullest because men think they belong in a certain place. They shouldn’t do certainRead MoreThe American Dream1017 Words   |  5 PagesI believe the American Dream is living in a house , having a stable job , enough money to do whatever you would like and lastly to live happy. The American Dream is also to go to school and have freedom of speech. America d oes not provide access to the American Dream for everyone because everyone does not have the same opportunities as others to go to school and have a good job, in America people discriminate others of different race and for being a woman. Through Yezierska and Noda , we come toRead MoreAmerican Dream In The Great Gatsby Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages19th amendment was ratified, giving women the right to vote. Before the 1920s change occurred slowly but during the 1920s changes occurred rapidly. The American Dream is defined as the promise of prosperity for Americans who work hard, regardless of race, class, gender and on April 10, 1925 The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, was published showing that this wasnt always true. Fitzgerald shows in the book that some people cheat their way into the American Dream and succeed in doing so, but theyRead MoreWalter Lafeber s Michael Jordan And The New Global Capitalism1511 Words   |  7 PagesSpanning from the 1940s to present-day the A merican dream, and American system, have been shaped by factors such as communism, immigration, poverty, racial tensions, and also war. America’s dream of, if one is to work hard enough that they shall be able to achieve great things, took yet another turn to exclude certain races, women, and the lower classes. In Walter LaFeber’s Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism, capitalism is seen through the eyes of basketball, and LaFeber argues that capitalism

Human Service Organisations and Management

Question: Discuss about theHuman Service Organisations and Management. Answer: Working in Human Service Organisations This essay essentially deals with the manner in which the day to day functioning is carried out in human Service organisations. The area of human service is vast which aims to meet the main objective of meeting human needs by focusing on an interdisciplinary knowledge base which will help in emphasizing on the prevention and remediation of the diverse problems that is constantly threatening the overall commitment towards improving the quality of life of the global population. The human service organisations are playing a vital role in helping to promote improved quality of service delivery systems by addressing all the diverse aspects of service delivery such as accountability, improved accessibility and coordination among the different professions who are involved in the Human service organisations. In this assignment we have considered UNICEF as the organisation of our choice as focused on the manner in which the different functional activities are being carried out within the orga nisation. UNICEF has been striving continuously to ensure the health and well being of the poor and downtrodden people in the third world countries (Gardner 2006). The managerialism at UNICEF plays a vital role in helping the organisation to accomplish their organisational goals and objectives in an efficient manner. The concept of managerialism is quite different from that of management as managerialism strives to ensure that each and every employ are able to contribute their 100% towards the growth and success of an organisation by focusing on the individual efficiency by measuring the daily performance of the employees. The effectiveness of the managerial techniques that have been adopted at UNICEF has often been attributed towards their success and popularity of the organisation across the globe (Ozanne Rose 2013). The organisational structure at UNICEF is highly bureaucratic in nature and if the employees are able to survive and thrive under such a scenario, then they are usually destined to accomplish great things in the future. According to the German Sociologist Max Webber, the bureaucratic organisational structure is one of the most rational and effective organisational structure which would help in organizing the human activity so as to promote maximum organisational efficiency by eliminating the concept of favoritism which is so often witnessed at different organisations across the globe. At UNICEF, the organisational structure is playing a vital role in promoting better coordination and cohesion between the different processes and activities which are being carried out by the organisation. Thus, UNICEF has been able to foster the necessary motivation and encouragement among their employees and this has enabled the organisation to ensure the health and well being of the poor and downtrod den people across the world (Kreutzer and Jger 2011, pp. 634-661). UNICEF has been playing a vital role in promoting awareness among the global community towards various social issues and it has been successful in building up a consensus among the developed nations regarding increasing the amount of financial aid which is presently being provided to the poor third world countries. It has continuously strived to promote the causes of women and children in the third world countries by ensuring that they have access to clear drinking water and proper health and hygiene which is essential for their survival. Thus, the organisation has been able to effectively satisfy their main goal of protecting the interest of the poor people around the globe (McDonald et al 2011). References Gardner, F 2006, Working in Human Service Organisations: Creating Connections for Practice, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Hughes, M Wearing, M 2007, Organisations and Management in Social Work, Sage Publications, London. McDonald, C, Craik, C, Hawkins, L Williams, J 2011, Professional Practice in Human Service Organisations, Allen Unwin, Crows Nest. Ozanne, E Rose, D 2013, The Organisational Context of Human Service Practice, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra. Kreutzer, K. and Jger, U., 2011. Volunteering versus managerialism: Conflict over organizational identity in voluntary associations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(4), pp.634-661.

Japans Trade and Industry free essay sample

A look at the rise and fall of Japans economy since the end of World War II . This paper charts the changes in Japans economy since the end of World War II when Japan sprang back to productive capacity to fight off a huge inflation to modern day downfall. From the 1950s to the middle of the 1980s, Japan imported raw materials from Western countries. Trade with neighboring countries also flourished then, owing to Japans capability to reduce costs, yet the United States remained its single most important trade partner (Man), with which it exported 30% and imported 24% merchandise. Japans exports possessed certain features: it centered on a few major commodities, i.e., products of large manufacturers; it exported 55% to developed countries and 45% to developing countries (unlike other developed countries exporting 75% among themselves and only 25% to developing countries) among these major exports were motor vehicles, semiconductors, office machinery, chemicals and metals. We will write a custom essay sample on Japans Trade and Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Conflict Between the Northern and Southern Regions of America essays

Conflict Between the Northern and Southern Regions of America essays 1.The long-standing conflict between the Northern and Southern regions of America as the New World stemmed primarily from their respective economic histories, and secondarily because of socio-cultural differences from each other. The economic roots of the animosity between the North and South New World territories is traced from its origins, wherein both regions are represented by Pennsylvania and Virginia and Maryland, few of the many English enterprises and early colonies that helped develop the regions for what it developed to be until America achieved its independence. The Souths success as the central source of cotton and location of cotton plantations is due to the focus of the region to successfully achieve economic prosperity, as opposed to the relatively better living conditions in the Northern region. The South experienced difficulties establishing colonies because of the unfavorable conditions of the settlers environs. The North, meanwhile, experienced abundance and increased its population because it has better living conditions than the Southern settlers: healthy water and favorable physical environment conducive to agriculture and sedentary living. As a response to the disadvantages that So uthern settlers experienced early on, they focused in improving the economy of their colonies, establishing a highly-structured cotton plantation economy, which reinforced, inevitably, the black slavery system as an integral part of Southern economy. The Northern region, relatively economically prosperous than the South, centered its development towards establishing a theocracy-centered society. Despite its subsistence to the slavery system, it did not become an integral part of the regions culture and economy, which resulted to the Souths strong subsistence to the slavery system, and the Norths intolerance and eventual resistance to it-thereby resulting to the increased animosity as both regions ...

Haber Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Haber Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The verb haber has two different uses and meanings, as well as two different conjugation patterns. Haber is used as an impersonal verb to mean there is or there are, and it is also used as an auxiliary verb. This article includes haber conjugations as an impersonal verb in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. You can also find the conjugations in which haber is used an auxiliary verb. Haber as an Impersonal Verb Haber can be used as an impersonal verb that is translated to English as there is or there are. The fact that it is an impersonal verb means that there is no subject, and it is thus only conjugated in the third person singular form. For example, Hay un estudiante en la clase (There is a student in the class) or Hay muchos estudiantes en la clase (There are many students in the class). This form of haber can also mean to take place, Habr una reunià ³n maà ±ana (A meeting will take place tomorrow), or to occur, Ayer hubo un accidente (Yesterday an accident occurred). The verb haber is also used in several idioms, such as haber de and haber que, which are both followed by an infinitive verb and express the need to do something. The tables below show the conjugations of haber, and you will notice that since it is an impersonal verb, haber cannot be used in the imperative mood. Also, you can see that with this meaning of haber, in all the different verb tenses, only the third person singular form is used. Haber Present Indicative The form of haber in the present indicative tense is completely irregular. Hay there is/there are Hay una fiesta en mi casa.Hay muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Preterite Indicative This verb is also irregular in the preterite indicative tense. Hubo there was/there were Hubo una fiesta en mi casa.Hubo muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Imperfect Indicative The imperfect indicative conjugation of haber is regular. Habà ­a there was/there were Habà ­a una fiesta en mi casa.Habà ­a muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Future Indicative The future indicative of haber is irregular because instead of using the infinitive as the stem, haber, you need to use the stem habr-. Habr there will be Habr una fiesta en mi casa.Habr muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber PeriphrasticFuture Indicative Remember to conjugate the periphrastic future with the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), followed by the preposition a and the infinitive of the verb. Va a haber there is going to be/there are going to be Va a haber una fiesta en mi casa.Va a haber muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund or present participle is formed with the ending -iendo (for -er verbs). It can be used to form the present progressive, although the verb haber is not very frequently used in this way. Present Progressive ofHaber est habiendo There is being/There are being Est habiendo una fiesta en mi casa.Est habiendo muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Past Participle The past participle of haber is formed with the ending -ido. Present Perfect of Haber ha habido There has been/There have been Ha habido una fiesta en mi casa.Ha habido muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Conditional Indicative Just like the future tense, the conjugation of the conditional is irregular, since it uses the stem habr-. Habrà ­a there would be Habrà ­a una fiesta en mi casa si no estuvieran mis padres.Habrà ­a muchas muchas fiestas en mi casa si no estuvieran mis padres. Haber Present Subjunctive The conjugation of haber is irregular (similar to the present indicative conjugation). Haya that there is/that there are Mis amigos quieren que haya una fiesta en mi casa.Mis amigos quieren que haya muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Imperfect Subjunctive Notice that there are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Option 1 Hubiera that there was/that there were Mis amigos querà ­an que hubiera una fiesta en mi casa.Mis amigos querà ­an que hubiera muchas fiestas en mi casa. Option 2 Hubiese that there was/that there were Mis amigos querà ­an que hubiese una fiesta en mi casa.Mis amigos querà ­an que hubiese muchas fiestas en mi casa. Haber Conjugation as an Auxiliary Verb Haber is the most common of the auxiliary verbs in Spanish, as it is used to form the perfect tenses. It is the equivalent of the English have as an auxiliary verb- but it shouldnt be confused when using have with the meaning to possess, which is usually tener. The tables below show the compound tenses in which haber is used as an auxiliary verb. The examples use the past participle of the verb hablar (to talk) to demonstrate the auxiliary function of haber. Present Perfect Indicative Yo he hablado I have talked Yo he hablado con el jefe. Tà º hashablado You have talked Tà º has hablado todo el dà ­a. Usted/à ©l/ella hahablado You/he/she has talked Ella ha hablado italiano. Nosotros hemoshablado We have talked Nosotros hemos hablado por telà ©fono. Vosotros habà ©is hablado You have talked Vosotros habà ©is hablado conmigo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas hanhablado You/they have talked Ellos han hablado un rato. Pluperfect Indicative Yo habà ­a hablado I had talked Yo habà ­a hablado con el jefe. Tà º habà ­ashablado You hadtalked Tà º habà ­as hablado todo el dà ­a. Usted/à ©l/ella habà ­ahablado You/he/she had talked Ella habà ­ahablado italiano. Nosotros habà ­amoshablado We had talked Nosotros habà ­amos hablado por telà ©fono. Vosotros habà ­aishablado You had talked Vosotros habà ­ais hablado conmigo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas habà ­anhablado You/they had talked Ellos habà ­anhablado un rato. Future Perfect Indicative Yo habrà © hablado I will have talked Yo habrà © hablado con el jefe. Tà º habrshablado You will have talked Tà º habrs hablado todo el dà ­a. Usted/à ©l/ella habrhablado You/he/she will have talked Ella habrhablado italiano. Nosotros habremoshablado We will have talked Nosotros habremos hablado por telà ©fono. Vosotros habrà ©ishablado You will have talked Vosotros habrà ©is hablado conmigo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas habrnhablado You/they will have talked Ellos habrnhablado un rato. Conditional Perfect Indicative Yo habrà ­a hablado I would have talked Yo habrà ­a hablado con el jefe si hubiera tenido tiempo. Tà º habrà ­ashablado You would have talked Tà º habrà ­as hablado todo el dà ­a si te hubieran dejado. Usted/à ©l/ella habrà ­ahablado You/he/she would have talked Ella habrà ­ahablado italiano si hubiera aprendido bien. Nosotros habrà ­amoshablado We would have talked Nosotros habrà ­amos hablado por telà ©fono si no fuera tan tarde. Vosotros habrà ­aishablado You would have talked Vosotros habrà ­ais hablado conmigo si en realidad lo quisierais. Ustedes/ellos/ellas habrà ­an hablado You/they would have talked Ellos habrà ­anhablado un rato si no tuvieran que marcharse. Present Perfect Subjunctive Que yo haya hablado That I would have talked A Carlos le sorprende que yo haya hablado con el jefe. Que tà º hayashablado That you would have talked A mà ­ me molestà ³ que tà º hayas hablado todo el dà ­a. Que usted/à ©l/ella hayahablado That you/he/she would have talked A Marà ­a le gustà ³ que ella hayahablado italiano. Que nosotros hayamoshablado That we would have talked A Pedro le encantà ³ que nosotros hayamoshablado por telà ©fono. Que vosotros hayishablado That you would have talked A la maestra le gustà ³ que vosotros hayishablado conmigo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas hayanhablado You/they would have talked A Juan le agradà ³ que ellos hayanhablado un rato. Pluperfect Subjunctive Option 1 Que yo hubiera hablado That I would have talked Carlos esperaba que yo hubiera hablado con el jefe. Que tà º hubierashablado That you would have talked A mà ­ no me parecà ­a que tà º hubieras hablado todo el dà ­a. Que usted/à ©l/ella hubierahablado That you/he/she would have talked Marà ­a no creà ­a que ella hubierahablado italiano. Que nosotros hubià ©ramoshablado That we would have talked A Pedro le hubiera gustado que nosotros hubià ©ramoshablado por telà ©fono. Que vosotros hubieraishablado That you would have talked A la maestra le sorprendà ­a que vosotros hubieraishablado conmigo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas hubieranhablado You/they would have talked Juan preferà ­a que ellos hubieranhablado un rato. Option 2 Que yo hubiese hablado That I would have talked Carlos esperaba que yo hubiese hablado con el jefe. Que tà º hubieseshablado That you would have talked A mà ­ no me parecà ­a que tà º hubieses hablado todo el dà ­a. Que usted/à ©l/ella hubiesehablado That you/he/she would have talked Marà ­a no creà ­a que ella hubiesehablado italiano. Que nosotros hubià ©semoshablado That we would have talked A Pedro le hubiera gustado que nosotros hubià ©semoshablado por telà ©fono. Que vosotros hubieseishablado That you would have talked A la maestra le sorprendà ­a que vosotros hubieseishablado conmigo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas hubiesenhablado You/they would have talked Juan preferà ­a que ellos hubiesenhablado un rato.

A Comparison Of Clinique Marketing Strategy Case Study

A Comparison Of Clinique Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example These three items were said to be the only products necessary for healthy skin. The parent company, Este Lauder, had already established itself as an icon in beauty and fragrance (Xenias), and over the years Clinique developed a positive brand image as well. In addition to the simplicity of their image, the company's Web site was equally simple-illustrations of products with very little or no text. But with businesses expansion taking place in order to reach global markets, the simplicity of Clinique's marketing strategy might not have the same effect in countries other than UK and USA. Purpose of Study China is the market of the future, and successful companies expanding their bases throughout the world see China as a necessary market. What are the differences in the way Clinique reaches domestic customers and customers in other cultures Will the 1-2-3 plan work in China What barriers must be faced Two recent articles included Clinique in a list of cosmetic companies accused of using harmful chemicals in their products in China (China Monitoring 2006; Overseas Companies 2006). At present the international Clinique Web site doesn't seem to offer a simple doorway into other countries, at least for researchers. Clinique does, as a way to reach Chinese customers, discuss a product called Clinique Derma White which focuses on Asian markets. Derma White is an update on Clinique's Active White line, developed by Korean dermatologists to address pigmentation in the skin. Derma White uses blackout yeast to break up pigment into smaller fragments and exfoliants help remove them from the skin (Clinique 2006). The Asian culture considers white skin to be beautiful, while Western countries and cultures seem to prefer tanning products. The emphasis on darker skin... The importance is in drawing customers to a specific site. With Clinique, marketing strengths include introducing new, innovative products directed at specific customers and the use of language in the product names which immediately describe their attributes, i.e. Superdefense Triple Action Moisturiser and Lifting Face Serum as well as Dramatically Different Moisturising Lotion, a standard of the company since its inception. A weakness, however, could be the company's apparent belief in a customer knowing who they are, what they do and how they do it. They are taking for granted that their products will sell themselves. Clinique has not even begun to tap the opportunities to sell their products through the Internet. Much of the research information on skin care is filtered through the Està ©e Lauder advertising and press releases. It is also important for them to be aware of negative commentary online which might affect their market share if they don't meet the challenge of offsetti ng negativity. At present one of the major efforts by Clinique is to increase the male customer base, and much of their advertising focus on that market. In the meantime, the female market might be discouraged when trying to get information on the products they want, especially in China, where women are not considered worth cultivating but are beginning to see themselves in a more attractive light. Another important market for Clinique is the aging population looking for anti-ageing products such as "Stop Signs" said to "make time stand still".

Explain the development of the US Airline Industry and what role did Essay

Explain the development of the US Airline Industry and what role did the government play from 1910-1950 - Essay Example It was the world’s first commercial flight which travelled from St. Petersburg to Tampa Bay. The earliest initiative to promote the US airline industry was the formation of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1915(NACA). This body was funded by the government to research into aircraft design and it was able to create the first supersonic aircraft. NACA was later integrated with NASA. With high speed aircrafts, airplanes began to be seen as an alternative to trains and roads. The major reason behind the evolution of this industry was the United States Postal Service. The USPS used army services during the early 1920 but since the army was involved in the World War, it could not render much time to the postal service (US Air). In 1925, government passed the Air mail act which allowed the private airlines to carry postal mails. The government took this step because it believed that it would promote the airline industry in the country and also provide economical sup port to the country (Harry, 2004). This served as a great initiative and the number of flights rose to a considerably large level. The private airlines expanded under this act and soon a large number of airlines were operating which not only for delivered postal mails but also offered passenger services. However with the increased number of flights and no monitoring and regulatory body, the accidents were very common.

Computer Networks And Internet Protocol Television Essay Example for Free

Computer Networks And Internet Protocol Television Essay The advent of computer has changed the way the world moves. Distance factor is no longer a problem. The physical might appear a big place with things at far off places but the world in virtual form doesn’t believe in distance. Everything can be achieved within minutes if not seconds. The whole technology behind this mega change is based on computer and is termed as Information Technology. This technology has led to the creation of a cyber world or electronically generated world with the help of computers connected to each other through suitable wires. Now words like cybercafe, cyber chat, cyberspace, cyber shopping, etc. have started making rounds. People can send electronic mails to far off places within seconds. Details and information are getting transferred within few seconds. People in Shanghai and New York are just seconds away. Transferring data in electronic form is actually the fastest way to transfer things. It’s not only the message transfer that has been revolutionized but also the business world. There are virtual shopping malls with website offering you a range of products ranging from computer peripherals to groceries. Companies are now providing details of their product through their website and are accepting customers’ requests of information and now even orders for products are being accepted. Everything is available. Money transfer can easily be done through wire transfer techniques. People do not wait. This world is not ruled by armed soldiers or any nuclear weapon. It’s the information which rules. The physical world just has to react on the outcome. Its role is just for receiving and sending. This high performing virtual world has made significant change in the performance of the actual world (Tanenbaum, 2003). Things in real world are now easier to comprehend. Outsourcing has helped in accessing low cost labor in far off Asian nations like India and China. Multinational companies like Microsoft, IBM, GM. , GE etc. have offices in almost in each part of the world with performance of each of these units can be monitored from any of its offices. Their offices have been networked though LANs i. e. , Local Area Network and WANs i. e. , Wide Area Network. They have virtually made themselves available to their customers any time anywhere and just a click away (Tanenbaum, 2003). 2. Computer System Network of computers A computer system and network of computers are actually two different but interrelated things. A computer system is just a normal computer including peripherals and software necessary for the functioning of the device (Webopedia). But if we talk of Computer Network, it can be defined in a very simple way as a network of computers (Princeton). But giving full importance to all factors getting into act when we talk about network, the definition which actually makes complete sense is none other than the two or more computers connected together to share hardware, software and data and has been implemented according to some topology (Tanenbaum, 2003). The network can have all peripherals located within an office or building. This arrangement is often termed as Local Area Network or LAN (Tech, 2006). If the same is achieved in a wide area i. e. , computers connected to the network are located at places as diverse as countries in different continents, we can call the same as Wide Area Network or WAN (Cisco, 2006). Calling all computers and other intelligent parts of it as nodes, the term network topology can be defined as patterns of links connecting a pair of nodes of a network. 3. Internet Protocol IPTV Technology related television services which include uplink and transmission has seen some of very revolutionary inventions of modern science. The television delivery system has now moved from terrestrial transmission through analog signals to encrypted digital signals through internet as well as IPTV (Anderson, 2006). The entertainment world through television is now very much eager to move from TV being delivered through cable to Internet Protocol Television with content being viewed through technologies used for computer networks (Lu, 2006). The last decade of the 20th century witnessed the massive growth in Internet Protocol based services. Now with the fast development of hardware and software technologies, this internet world has now developed to accommodate services like VoIP and many other telecom products (Wikipedia, 2007). It is a system which delivers digital television services to registered subscribers in a managed network with address based technology. The unique IP address of a subscriber provides him a virtual address over a network and creates a connection between the service provider and the television (Wikipedia, 2007). 4. Television through IPTV: a new experience IPTV is going to give the most electrifying experience to its subscribers. It’s not just seamless TV viewing but also more interactive and personalized. Things like participation in a game show or any discussion board will only require the use of the remote while sitting on the couch. Now the user will not feel being bombarded with a long list of channels rather get a very creative option to receive them with a much richer experience (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). The two-way signal broadcasting system through the network over which IPTV depends, allows the viewers to make selection that too on demand with time shift option. The additional services which can also be incorporated with IPTV are the Web Browsing i. e. surfing the internet, gaming with a game console with the current system and finally the communication applications which can enable email, MMS, Chat, etc (Telecom Italia, 2006). Figure 1 (IPTV delivery Infrastructure) The Set-Top Box which has made this IPTV happen which at one end is connected to the TV set while the other end to an ADSL connection can easily be made to supply Broadcast TV services (BTV) as well as Video On Demand (VOD) services. This BTV facilitates the simultaneous reception by the users of a traditional TV channel. And using multicasting protocols IPTV can make available services which are similar to experiences of a traditional TV like Free-to-air or Pay TV or a Pay-Per-view service (Luarel Networks). The same IPTV can be used by service providers to provide the VOD service which is made available on request. The VOD service requires implementation through IP unicast protocols (Ericsson, 2006). The enhanced IPTV can also make Personal Video Recorder (PVR) services available. The local PVR makes way for video-recording on the STB hard-disk with another set of functions for live, pause and replay. Similarly the Network-based PVR stores the data on the operator’s server which is generally used for VOD (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). On technological point, the IPTV makes way for better utilization of available infrastructure like the bandwidth. Traditional transmission technology actually sends more than hundred channels simultaneously while the IPTV requires just one channel to be sent to the subscriber at a time. Every time the user selects a channel or a program, a new streaming takes place with data related to the newly selected channel (Anderson, 2006). 5. IPTV: More Advantages, More services More Business The IPTV will lead to a very new level of interactivity among Internet and data mainly as voice and video. A cable based TV network beams data in form of video mostly in MPEG format through an explicit bandwidth portion while the internet which enables high speed data transfer works on an IP based network and the data transfer is based on packets rather than streams. Both the technologies are technically very different. This IPTV is an amalgam of both the successful technologies. Being a data-centric application, the packets over this network can deliver both video as well as data (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). Figure 2: Telecommunications IPTV system solution The traditional cable network is often overloaded with more than 100 channels being transmitted simultaneously. So there is a limitation of maximum number of channels that can be made available to the subscriber. IPTV has a very clear advantage (Times News Network, 2006). Theoretically this technology can make almost infinite number of channels at the customer’s disposal. The transmission line actually transmitted a single channel which has been demanded by the customer. So the infrastructure usage per customer is negligible while opening a new era of almost every channel on the planet being made available to the user. The IP technology being a packet based product requires an acknowledgement to be sent to the source for every packet. This ensures that every packet sent by the source should remain intact and any loss of data will require resending of the same packet. This feature ensures very high quality of the product which the subscriber will receive (Anderson, 2006). The advantages associated to IPTV is not just conventional entertainment and advertisement based business but the technology can have its usage in developing new products which can make way to many other forms of businesses. The web based training is one of the many other possibilities. The IPTV network can be used to run different courses by making the videos of the classes available to the registered students (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). IPTV is the next big thing after telecom and internet. The business possibilities associated with this technology is almost as broad as the human thought. Almost all telecom companies are putting big money in exploration and marketing of this product (Blau, 2005). The business network and the corporate LAN’s may be greatest beneficiary with the delivery of videos and television content. The customized content delivery and the extremely secure network will reduce the theft cases to negligible. Customization facility will help the advertisers to understand the behavior of consumers and then will go for personalized ads that will translate into significant business returns (Iyer, 2005). 6. Conclusion The IPTV is going to be the next big thing in communication and media industry. With money pouring inform all big telecom companies IPTV is going to be a very serious business with entertainment becoming more and more customizable. The subscriber will experience a very different medium of entertainment with highest level of interactivity and almost innumerable possible services that too very much on his own wishes. 7. Bibliography Anderson, N. (2006) An introduction to IPTV. Available from http://arstechnica. com/guides/other/iptv. ars [Accessed 10 October 2007] Blau, J. (2005) Internet TV: Still Fuzzy, but Promising. IDG News ServiceAvailable from http://www. pcworld. com/news/article/0,aid,122138,00. asp [Accessed 10 October 2007] Cisco Systems, 2006. Wide Area Network. http://www. cisco. com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan. htm [Accessed 10 October 2007]

Revision of Master Narratives within Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Es

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be able to discuss adequately how the master narratives of Bronte and Rhys’ time are revised, one must first understand what those master narratives were and what the social mood of the time was. From there one will be able to discuss how they were revised, and if in fact they were revised at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bronte is known as one of the first revolutionary and challenging authoress’ with her text Jane Eyre. The society of her time was male dominated, women were marginally cast aside and treated as trophies for their male counterparts. Their main role in life was to be a mother and a wife, â€Å" Literature cannot be the business of a woman’s life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the more she is engaged in her proper duties, the less leisure she will have for it.† A quote from a letter Robert Southey wrote to Bronte. A clear sign of the mentality and opposition Bronte was up against. A woman’s â€Å"proper duties† of course being to tend and wait on her â€Å"master’s† every whim and need. Women during Bronte’s time had no clear voice, none that was of any merit, they were a silent category of society, silenced by their male oppressors. Bronte’s book was in fact written before the first women’s rights movement had happ ened, yet it puts forward an image of an independent strong character, of a passionate and almost rebellious nature. A character â€Å"refusing subservience, disagreeing with her superiors, standing up for her right’s, and venturing creative thoughts.† I put forward that Bronte throughout her text not only revises the themes of male power and oppression, but reconstructs them also. The text is a female bildungsroman of it’s time, sometimes subtly and sometimes overtly tackling the patriarchal view of women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Immediately from the start Bronte’s character Jane is different. She is an orphan, mis-treated and despised by her family. She has no clear social position, is described as â€Å"less than a servant† and treated like one. A protagonist who one would assume had no characteristics worth aspiring too. Jane is displayed perfectly in her hiding behind the curtain. She is placed by a window, which beyond is icy and cold, contrasting immensely from the inside of the fire and warmth. A clear statement of the icy coldness of the family she has been put to live with, and her fiery and passionate nature which we discover th... ...ing novels of their time. They both revise aspects of their era, that would rarely, if ever, have been touched on. Wide Sargasso Sea having the double revision of challenging Jane Eyre, as well as social beliefs. â€Å"The devices that connect the two texts also rupture the boundary between them. Although this rupture completes Rhys’ text, it results in a breakdown of the integrity of Bronte’s.† As much as Bronte’s text was revolutionary of her time, so too was Rhys’. Time changed and what was once revolutionary became simplified and unbelievable. The fact remains, that without Jane Eyre, there would be no Wide Sargasso Sea, the two text’s are mutually exclusive, and just as revolutionary now as when they were written. -Gordon, Lyndall, Charlotte Bronte: A passionate life. (London: Vintage, 1995) -Margaret McFadden – Gerber, Ed Frank N Magill, Critical Evaluation, Masterplots, Vol 6, (1996) -Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre (London:Penguin:First Published 1847) -Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, (London:Penguin:1966) -Ellen G Friedman, Breaking the Master Narrative: Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea, in Breaking the Sequence: Women’s Experimental Fiction. Princeton University Press, 1989,

Industrialized Poets Essay

Edgar Allan Poe, Walter Benjamin, and Arthur Rimbaud all lived in the turbulent 19th Century where the idyllic countryside was giving way to the industrialized world. Their poetry reflects the profound impact industrialization’s onslaught had on the world. Starting from Edgar Allan Poe, to Arthur Rimbaud and finally to Walter Benjamin this paper will discuss the effect of industrialization on their respective worldview vis-à  -vis the situation of the world during their life time. A City in the Sea By Edgar Allan Poe Lo! Death has reared himself a throne In a strange city lying alone Far down within the dim West, Where the good and the bad and the worst and the best Have gone to their eternal rest. There shrines and palaces and towers (Time-eaten towers that tremble not!) Resemble nothing that is ours. Around, by lifting winds forgot, Resignedly beneath the sky The melancholy waters lie. No rays from the holy heaven come down On the long night-time of that town; But light from out the lurid sea Streams up the turrets silently — Gleams up the pinnacles far and free — Up domes — up spires — up kingly halls — Up fanes — up Babylon-like walls — Up shadowy long-forgotten bowers Of sculptured ivy and stone flowers — Up many and many a marvelous shrine Whose wreathà ©d friezes intertwine The viol, the violet, and the vine. So blend the turrets and shadows there That all seem pendulous in the air, While from a proud tower in the town Death looks gigantically down. There open fanes and gaping graves Yawn level with the luminous waves; But not the riches there that lie In each idol’s diamond eye — Not the gaily-jeweled dead Tempt the waters from their bed; For no ripples curl, alas! Along that wilderness of glass — No swellings tell that winds may be Upon some far-off happier sea — No heavings hint that winds have been On seas less hideously serene. But lo, a stir is in the air! The wave — there is a movement there! As if the towers had thrust aside, In slightly sinking, the dull tide — As if their tops had feebly given A void within the filmy Heaven. The waves have now a redder glow — The hours are breathing faint and low — And when, amid no earthly moans, Down, down that town shall settle hence, Hell, rising from a thousand thrones, Shall do it reverence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The setting is in a city in the west ruled by death who is worshiped by all. This set is often quoted or at least used for the crafting of gothic films or at work. Death looks down upon all from his high tower, like Sauron atop Barad-Dur. The city has ‘domes, spires and kingly halls, and fanes and Babylon like walls. The poem makes a rather ironic point because the west has always been associated with good and life and the east with evil and death. For example, in Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings Trilogy Aragorn is the goodly Lord of the West while the Sauron commands a legion of evil Easterlings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poe speaks of a brooding end of days when ‘the waves now have a redder glow, the hours are breathing faint and low.’ The waves turning red as a sign of hells coming because red is the color of fire and hence the color of Hell and the Devil. ‘and when, amid no earthly moans, down, down the tower shall settle hence, Hell rising from a thousand thrones, shall do it reverence. It would appear that the poem speaks of the city of death as if it were superior to Hell. Rather, as if Hell were subordinate and must pay homage. The end is a creepy scene where the Devil expresses gratitude to the devil for allowing him to come and rule the Earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As can be expected of Edgar Allan Poe the setting is dark and brooding. In relation to the modernization being experienced during Poe’s time it is quite possibly a comment on the widening gap between the rich and poor as a result of industrialization, specifically the factory system. Poe lived in the early 19th Century in his time factories were being setup left and right. People were migrating from the provinces to the cities in order to get jobs at the factories because the cottage industries they used to have were no longer viable. Instead they had to move to cities. The cities were grim gothic environs in their own right. Sanitation, Housing, and food were all in short supplies. The cities were dirty, grimy, disease ridden affairs for the vast majority of the rural immigrants. Life was short and dangerous, they lived miserable lives often working in inhuman conditions for factory owners who ruthlessly abused them. Contrast this with the capitalists who owned the factories. The newness of the factory system meant that laws were not yet in place to protect the rights of the workings. Unscrupulous factory owners worked the peasants to the hilt. Fourteen-hour work days and Six-day work weeks were not unknown. Wages were a scandal, with no wage boards or unions to protect them and with the labor being a buyers market most workers had no choice but to accept the poor wages or be unemployed. As a result, the factory owners could become oppressively rich. In fact, in the Victorian era the Nobles and the now-wealthy Capitalists mingled as equals in the lavish parties of the day. Men like Vanderbilt and Astor could afford to build Palatial estates fit for kings quite possibly at the expense of the wretched workers in their factories. In my opinion, aside from his already dark and brooding outlook and writing style, Edgar Allan Poe was inspired to write A City in the sea by his exposure to the factory system. The oppression of the workers vis-à  -vis the extreme privilege of the owner may have further jaded mr. Poe. He would is not the first, and he was certainly not the last to suggest that Hell itself will rise from the City in the Sea. Moving forward, Arthur Rimbaud’s Une Saison en Enfer or A season in hell was written at the time when he was recovering from a gunshot. The book has had considerable influence on later Surrealist writers it was considered a revolutionary work because it shunned conventional description, straightforward narrative and didactic purpose. His work revolts against naturalism, precision and objectivity. Rimbaud relies on suggestion and evocation rather than concrete depiction. For this paper we will focus on the second poem Bad blood. The poems read like the confessions of a self-confessed scoundrel. And why should it not? Rimbaud had a homosexual lover named Paul Verlaine who later shot him when they broke up. The book was direct result of his shooting and the tumults he underwent while recovering from the wound. Initially the book was unsuccessful. The poem Bad Blood, like the rest of his work, reads like the rants of a self-confessed scoundrel. He explores his pre-Christian, Gaellic origins and emphasizes his alienation from modern civilization. Scholars are at variance as to what the actual theme of his work is. However, the general consensus is that it has to do with the Narrator’s struggle to reconcile the ideals of Christianity with the Hypocrisy and Corruption of Western Civilization. There are many dualities presented and exposed for what they are. In relation to his times the Hypocrisy and Corruption was at its hilt. In those days nearly every European power had colonies overseas. All European nations, at least in the west, professed freedom and civil liberties as inalienable rights. Slavery and serfdom were obsolete and illegal in Western Europe. Yet all one has to do is leave the confines of continental Europe so see that slavery is still widely practiced. I believe that as result of modern printing and communication methods like the Morse code and the AFP news began to travel faster than it did before. This exposed Rimbaud to the many forms of Hypocrisy and Corruption that crippled the morale fiber of Europe. For example, Africans are treated as second-class citizens in their own country. They are forced to work inhumane conditions in the mines, plantations and farms of their European masters for little or no viable compensation. Civil liberties are denied to colonials to the hilt, in the Philippines the Spanish are allowed to beat up the locals just for not showing them the proper deference. In fact, he did not have to go very far. There were many reports of women and children working in English coal mines. They even went on strike to protest their inhumane wages and working conditions. Normally news from England would take days or even weeks to reach continental Europe and vise versa but thanks to the telegraph a worker’s strike in Paris can be known to Londoners as quickly as the next day. Finally, Benjamin’s work was perhaps the most heavily affected by industrialization. In fact, his book Paris, Capital of the Nineteenth Century is almost entirely about the advances and changes brought about by the rapid industrialization of the bygone century. The book outlines the changes in almost glowingly utopia perspective. This is in contrast to the dark, brooding and negative views of the previous authors. For example, the first chapter â€Å"Arcades† points out that material and social conditions that makes Arcades possible. With the advancement of capitalism, Arcades have become obsolete, replaced by the department store. As an aside, Benjamin refers to Arcades as almost utopian paradises. The next chapter about Daguerre photography mentions the role of photography in transforming art. The chapter also mentions how photos become a commodity and emphasizes the commodity trade of photographs in relation to portraits. Benjamin will later refer to this as unconscious optics. The fourth chapter points out how the rapidly industrialized world has successfully separated home from work. In the olden days of Agriculture people worked that land where they lived. In his day people traveled quite far to reach the factories and shops where they worked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simply put, Benjamin chronicles the changes that industrialization has brought about. It is appears he view industrialization as positive since there are few mentions of the negative aspect of it. Instead Industrialization is viewed positively as a means to improve the lives and livelihoods of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industrialization brought about massive changes during the 19th century. Poets and writers as purveyors and chroniclers of the people’s world-view are not isolated from these sweeping changes. These authors are just a few examples of how the great changes of their times greatly affected their styles.

Government Policy Essay

The Wall Street Crash, which occurred in October 1929, was the mass selling of shares, which led to a massive drop in prices, which prompted further selling of shares. In one day, $14 billion was wiped off the value of the stock market. This panic selling was triggered by rumours and fears that the stock market was about to collapse (these rumours were brought about by large share holders, like Baruch and Kennedy dumping shares, and news of the collapse of the British financial empire which was financed by debt and credit, just like America’s). But why did a sudden loss of confidence have such massive repercussions? The answer lies in the long term problems in the economy which had created instability and weaknesses in the economy. Until October 1929 these weaknesses had been masked by the confidence of American people and businesses; the high prices of stocks and shares were the result of speculation – the belief or confidence that they were worth more. But as confidence crumbled, there was nothing left to sustain the economy. The key reason why the economy could not sustain itself was because the policies of the government had created major faults in the American economy, and in every area of the economy, which meant that what started as mass selling of shares resulted in a major Wall Street Crash. Firstly, government policies were responsible for the Bull market of the 1920s. Firstly, the government of the 1920s had essentially promoted speculation by allowing the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates low. This encouraged lending / borrowing, which meant that millions of Americans were able to buy now, pay later for their consumer goods – such as fridges, radios and cars. Similarly, by keeping interest rates low, the Federal Reserve essentially encouraged lending to those wanting the play the stock market, as low interest rates made ‘buying on the margin’ attractive. With as many as 60,000 people involved in buying on the margin (or 10% of American families), and millions more buying now, paying later, the cycle of prosperity and stock market investment was actually based on debt and credit. Secondly, the government encouraged the Bull market by publically rejecting critics who warned of danger signs in the economy. For example, In Sept 1929 Roger Babson warned that the existing prosperity was based on a ‘state of mind’, not on economic facts. He predicted a crash and massive unemployment†¦ but he was criticised as being pessimistic and trying to undermine the country’s wealth. Experts seemed confident that the market was strong and so ignored the warnings of economists. If the government had been more careful about lending and listened to the warnings, people would have only purchased things within their means – rather than buying or investing in what they couldn’t afford. Therefore, there would not have been such over confidence (people believed that high levels of demand, and high volumes of stock market trading proved that the economy was excellent), which means that the stock market would not have been over valued in order to suffer from a loss of confidence and then a crash in the first place. As well as allowing the Fed to keep interest rates low, government policies also led to a Crash by reducing the ability of American businesses to sell their goods abroad. For example, the Fordney McCumber tariff of 1921, which was designed to protect the prices of American farmers’ goods, actually resulted in retaliatory tariffs from foreign countries. For example, Spain, Germany and France put tariffs on American cars and wheat. As a result, when the American economy did begin to slow down in the latter 1920s, businesses and farmers could not sell their surpluses abroad, which led to a drop in profits, and a reduction in production – with an impact on employment. Therefore, had the government not pursued a protectionist policy in the early 1920s, there would have been no loss of employment in the late 1920s, which means production rates would have been maintained, which would have ensured that money was kept in circulation and shares kept their value. To make matters worse, by making it harder for European countries to sell their goods in America, the government’s protectionist policy made it harder for European countries to repay the war debts they owed to the USA. To try and rectify this, the government chose to set up the Dawes Plan, whereby it lent Germany $250 million to pay its reparations to Britain and France. In 1929, the government agreed for Germany to restructure its loan repayments to the USA (the Young Plan), giving them a longer period of time to repay. Whilst in principle these actions were supportive, in practice they artificially propped up the German economy, which led to massive investment in Germany ($3,900million was invested after the Dawes Plan) as investors hoped to make a quick buck, just like they were in the American ‘get rich quick’ / speculative economy. This meant that government policy had in fact encouraged investment at home and abroad based on speculation. When investors realised that the returns (values) of stocks at home and abroad were artificially high, it would trigger a loss of confidence and massive sales – i.e. the Wall Street Crash. Another reason why government policies caused the Wall Street Crash is because the government pursued a laissez faire policy towards businesses and regulation. As a result, the 1920s were characterised by the creation of trusts and corporations – such as US Steel. The government actively ignored anti-trust laws, rather than using their federal powers to police and regulate industry. In a case heard at the Supreme Court the government argued that big businesses were not illegal, so long as some competition remained. However, in reality, the trusts wiped out competition – fixing prices and swallowing up smaller businesses (for every 4 businesses that succeeded in the 1920s, 3 failed). As a result, 1000s of smaller businesses failed, whilst the trusts became ‘captains of industry’, with the knowledge and the money to produce things very quickly and efficiently. This meant the stability of the American economy depended on the actions and profits of a few large companies, such as Insull and Ford, creating a dangerous situation. What is more, the government’s lack of regulation of corporations meant firms like Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Electric Bond & Share were not prevented from using their profits to speculate on the stock market, adding further insecurity (gambling!) to Wall Street. Unfortunately, by the end of the 1920s, many trusts – such as car giants like Ford – were producing more than was needed (and couldn’t sell their surpluses abroad thanks to the government’s tariff policy). As their sales dropped, so did wages and employment, leading to less money in circulation, less demand and a significantly weaker economy. As the trusts’ sales dropped, it also led to fewer stock market investments, which furthered the loss of confidence in Wall Street. Government policy concerning the regulation of banks and banking was also a key factor in the crash. There were no controls concerning mergers and competition so, by 1929, 1% of America’s banks controlled 46% of the nation’s assets. This meant that the stability of the country’s banking system depended on the stability of just 1% of the banks – which was a precarious situation (a Crash could see almost half of the nation’s assets disappearing!). What is more, the lack of regulation in banking meant that the government did not have complete control over the actions of the Federal Reserve Board. For example, in March 1929, one member of the Fed (Charles A. Mitchell) acted without the agreement of the Fed to publically announce that if money became tight because of higher interest rates, his bank (New York’s National City Bank) would personally pump $25million into the broker’s loan market. This was called the single most irresponsible decision of 1929 as it encouraged lending and gambling on stock market to soar at a time when the economy had slowed significantly. The government also did not regulate individuals working on the stock market – for example, greedy individuals like William Durant and his ‘bull pool’ were able to artificially inflate the market for their own gain, only to sell quickly and leave others with significant losses. Furthermore, government policies exacerbated the country’s massive unequal distribution of wealth, which itself contributed to the long-term weaknesses in the economy and hence the crash. In 1929, tax returns of 27million families showed that 12 million families were earning $1,500 a year, or less, and another 6 million families were earning less than $1,000 a year. This put at least 50% of the population in a position of serious economic hardship. In particular, agriculture faced significant problems: the mid-war Federal Farm Loan Act had offered farmers loans at lower interest rates in order to buy machinery to help meet war demand, but these loans became difficult to repay when the demand reduced as the war ended. After World War One, prices for wheat dropped from $2.50 a bushel to less than $1; wool from 90 cents to 19 cents. Although the government passed tariffs to relieve these problems, in the long term tariffs made the situation worse because foreign economies put ret aliatory tariffs in place. The post-war Agricultural Credits Act funded 12 banks to offer loans to any farmers working co-operatively. However, the Act ultimately meant more smaller farmers became in debt. The larger farmers who could afford the loans squeezed the small farmers out of the market. Prohibition made farmer’s problems even worse by cutting the need for grain previously used in alcohol. Ultimately, America’s unequal distribution of wealth should have signalled to the government that its capitalist system was not working – and steps should have been taken to alleviate the imbalanced spending power. Because the government did not alleviate the situation, the divide grew bigger (making these people dependent on credit / loans, which they couldn’t repay because of their lack of employment) – making the economy more fragile and unstable. Therefore, in October 1929, when a massive amount of selling began in the New York Stock Exchange, a mad panic set in. The confidence bubble had burst – triggered by a few rumours and fears that the market was going to crash. Had the government not pursued such a laissez faire approach to the management and regulation of banking and business, and had it responded earlier to the rich / poor divide in American society, the Wall Street Crash would never have happened because there would not have been such over-inflated / false confidence; there would have been foreign markets to trade with; and banks, businesses and individuals would have been regulated and acting in the interest of long-term not short-term gains.

How to Find the Aquarius Constellation

How to Find the Aquarius Constellation The Aquarius constellation is one of several water-related star patterns in the sky. Take some time to look for this constellation in the night sky when it is most visible, starting in late October. Finding Aquarius Aquarius is visible from nearly the entire planet. It is bounded by several other constellations: Cetus (the sea monster), Pisces, Capricornus, Aquila, and Pegasus. Aquarius lies along the zodiac and ecliptic. A star chart showing Aquarius and three deep-sky objects. Carolyn Collins Petersen   The Story of Aquarius The constellation Aquarius was once called The Great One (or GU LA in the Babylonian language). Aquarius was linked to the god Ea, a figure that frequently appears in Babylonian artifacts. Ea was often associated with the floods that regularly visited the Babylonian part of the Middle East.   Like the Babylonians, the ancient Egyptians saw the constellation as a god associated with flooding. Hindus saw the star pattern as a water pitcher, and in ancient China, the constellation was interpreted as a water jar with a stream flowing away from it. The ancient Greeks had many tales about Aquarius, but mostly associated it with Ganymede, a Greek hero who ascended to Mount Olympus to serve as the cup-carrier to the gods. This depiction as a water-bearer stands to this day.   The Stars of Aquarius In the official IAU chart of Aquarius, the figure of the water bearer is accompanied by a number of other stars that exist in this region. The brightest star is called alpha Aquarii and, like beta Aquarii, is a yellow supergiant star. They are G-type stars and are several times more massive than the Sun. Alpha Aquarii also has the name Sadalmelik, while beta is also called Sadalsuud.   The official IAU constellation star chart. IAU/Sky Publishing   One of the most fascinating stars in this constellation is R Aquarii, a variable star. R Aquarii is made up of a pair of stars: a white dwarf and another variable, which orbit each other once every 44 years. As they circle their common center of gravity, the white dwarf member pulls material from its partner. Eventually, some of that material erupts off the white dwarf, which causes the star to brighten considerably. The pair has a nebula of material surrounding it called Cederblad 211. The material in the nebula may be associated with the periodic outbursts that this star pair experiences.   Image made from HST imagery of R Aquarii. The pair of stars is surrounded by material lost from one of the pair. STSCI/NASA/ESA/Judy Schmidt   Avid meteor shower watchers may be familiar with the three showers that seem to emanate from Aquarius each year. The first is the Eta Aquariids, which on the 5th and 6th of May. This is the strongest of the three and can produce up to 35 meteors per hour. The meteors from this shower come from materials shed by Comet Halley as it travels through the solar system. The Delta Aquariids that peak twice: once on the 29th of July and again on the 6th of August. Its not quite as active as its sister shower in May, but still worth checking out. The weakest of the three is the Iota Aquariids, which peak on August 6th each year.   Deep-sky Objects in Aquarius Aquarius is not close to the plane of the galaxy where many deep-sky objects exist, but it nevertheless sports a treasury of objects to explore. Observers with good telescopes and binoculars can find galaxies, globular cluster, and a few planetary nebulae. The globular cluster M2 can be seen with the naked eye under good conditions, and a telescope reveals much more detail. M2 is a tightly packed globular cluster. Its shown here in an image by Sean X. Curry. Sean X Curry, CC BY-SA 4.0 Also worth exploring is a pair of planetary nebulae called the Saturn Nebula and the Helix Nebula. These are the remains of stars in their death processes. In the not-too-distant past, they gently pushed their outer atmospheres off to space, leaving behind beautiful glowing clouds surrounding the leftovers of their progenitor stars. In a few thousand years, the clouds will dissipate, leaving behind a pair of cooling white dwarfs. The Helix Nebula as seen by HST and CTIO; bottom image is a 3D computer model of this dying star and its nebula. STScI/CTIO/NASA For a more challenging observation activity, sky-gazers can seek out the galaxy NGC 7727. It lies about 76 million light-years away from us. Professional astronomers are studying long streamers of gas that emanate from the galaxy, which is classified as a peculiar galaxy due to its odd shape. NGC 7727 is likely in the final stage of a galaxy merger, and will eventually become a large elliptical galaxy in the distant figure.

The History of the US and Cuba - Complex Relations

The History of the US and Cuba - Complex Relations The US and Cuba marked the beginning of their 52nd year of broken relations in 2011. While the collapse of Soviet-style Communism in 1991 ushered in more open relations with Cuba, the arrest and trial in Cuba of USAID worker Alan Gross strained them once again. Background: Cuban and American Relations In the 19th Century, when Cuba was still a colony of Spain, many southern Americans wanted to annex the island as a state to increase American slave territory. In the 1890s, while Spain was attempting to suppress a Cuban nationalist rebellion, the United States intervened on the premise of correcting Spanish human rights abuses. In truth, American neo-imperialism fueled American interests as it sought to create a European-style empire of its own. The United States also bristled when a Spanish scorched earth tactic against nationalist guerrillas burned out several American interests. The United States began the Spanish-American War in April 1898, and by the middle of July had defeated Spain. Cuban nationalists believed they had achieved independence, but the United States had other ideas. Not until 1902 did the United States grant Cuban independence, and then only after Cuba had agreed to the Platt Amendment, which roped Cuba into Americas sphere of economic influence. The amendment stipulated that Cuba could not transfer land to any foreign power except the United States; that it could not acquire any foreign debt without U.S. approval; and it would allow American intervention in Cuban affairs whenever the U.S. thought it necessary. To speed their own independence, Cubans added the amendment to their constitution. Cuba operated under the Platt Amendment until 1934 when the United States rescinded it under the Treaty of Relations. The treaty was part of Franklin D. Roosevelts Good Neighbor Policy, which attempted to foster better American relations with Latin American countries and keep them out of the influence of rising Fascist states. The treaty retained American rental of Guantanamo Bay naval base. Castros Communist Revolution In 1959 Fidel Castro and Che Guevara led the Cuban communist revolution to overthrow President Fulgencio Batistas regime. Castros ascent to power froze relations with the United States. The United States policy toward Communism was containment and it quickly severed ties with Cuba and embargoed trade the island. Cold War Tension In 1961 the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) orchestrated a failed attempt by Cuban emigres to invade Cuba and topple Castro. That mission ended in a debacle at the Bay of Pigs. Castro increasingly sought aid from the Soviet Union. In October 1962, Soviets began shipping nuclear-capable missiles to Cuba. American U-2 spy planes caught the shipments on film, touching off the Cuban Missile Crisis. For 13 days that month, President John F. Kennedy warned Soviet first secretary Nikita Khrushchev to remove the missiles or face consequences - which most of the world interpreted as nuclear war. Khrushchev backed down. While the Soviet Union continued to back Castro, Cuban relations with the United States remained cold but not warlike. Cuban Refugees and the Cuban Five In 1979, faced with an economic downturn and civilian unrest, Castro told Cubans they could leave if they did not like conditions at home. Between April and October 1980, some 200,000 Cubans arrived in the United States. Under the Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966 the United States could allow arrival of such immigrants and avoid their repatriation to Cuba. After Cuba lost most of its Soviet-block trading partners with the collapse of Communism between 1989 and 1991, it suffered another economic downturn. Cuban immigration to the United States climbed again in 1994 and 1995. In 1996 the United States arrested five Cuban men on charges of espionage and conspiracy to commit murder. The U.S. alleged they had entered Florida and infiltrated Cuban-American human rights groups. The U.S. also charged that information the so-called Cuban Five sent back to Cuba helped Castros air force destroy two Brothers-to-the-Rescue planes returning from a covert mission to Cuba, killing four passengers. U.S. courts convicted and jailed the Cuban Five in 1998. Castros Illness and Overtures at Normalization In 2008, after a prolonged illness, Castro ceded the presidency of Cuba to his brother, Raul Castro. While some outside observers believed that would signal the collapse of Cuban Communism, it did not happen. However, in 2009 after Barack Obama became president of the U.S., Raul Castro made overtures to talk to the United States about foreign policy normalization. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that the 50-year American foreign policy toward Cuba had failed, and that Obamas administration was committed to finding ways to normalize Cuban-American relations. Obama has eased American travel to the island. Still, another issue stands in the way of normalized relations. In 2008 Cuba arrested USAID worker Alan Gross, charging him with distributing U.S. government-purchased computers with the intent of establishing a spy network inside Cuba. While Gross, 59 at the time of his arrest, claimed no knowledge of the computers sponsorship, Cuba tried and convicted him in March 2011. A Cuban court sentenced him to 15 years in prison. Former United States President Jimmy Carter, traveling on behalf of his Carter Center for human rights, visited Cuba in March and April 2011. Carter visited with the Castro brothers, and with Gross. While he said that he believed the Cuban 5 had been jailed long enough (a position that angered many human rights advocates), and that he hoped Cuba would quickly release Gross, he stopped short of suggesting any type of prisoner exchange. The Gross case seemed capable of halting any further normalization of relations between the two countries until its resolution.

Reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections in inpatient Essay

Reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections in inpatient acute care hospitals in the US - Essay Example hin his or her unit and clearly come up with a procedure through which his or her subordinates can follow to improve, and more so, maintain the health safety within their units of work (Kohn, Corrigan, & Donaldson, 2000). The health hospital leaders are held responsible for health assessment within the organization by the Joint Commission. A unit survey on the health safety can measure the level of health safety in a work setting, and more so, conditions that can lead to unfavorable occurrences and patient damage (Frankel, 2006). Through these assessments there can result to increased awareness in patient safety matters, bring out the current status on matters related to safety culture, make interventions put into practice without delays, and more so, monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of the alteration over a given period of time. To achieve the best result on the survey at the nursing unit, use of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and the Safety Attitude Questionnaire is appropriate. Health safety culture is therefore developed by having a regular assessment on issues related to safety, then coming up with actions and also giving an opportunity for the benchmarking with other related organizations so as to develop safety approach attitudes, come up with a way forward and assess the intervention selected effectiveness in meeting the unit goals and hence organizational goals (Frankel, 2006). A powerful patient safety culture has been depicted as a victorious anticipator of medication mistake, fall of injuries, cure errors, accidents and injuries in the workplace. It is worth noting that the culture alteration does not take place by chance, but it takes a unit leader, for example, taking actions to bring the changes. Often, culture is seen like a vague issue in nature, and therefore, it takes a leader to formulate patient safety culture tools such as a structure (Hill & Howlett, 2013). As a unit leader in the nursing unit, one can develop the unit